Demystifying LTL Freight Shipping: Key Terms and Considerations for Shippers

Shipping goods efficiently and cost-effectively is a crucial aspect of many businesses' operations. When it comes to shipping smaller loads that do not require an entire truck, less than truckload (LTL) freight shipping becomes a viable option. However, navigating the LTL freight industry can be complex, with various key terms and considerations to understand. In this article, we will delve into the essentials that shippers need to know when shipping LTL freight, including freight class and dimensions.

1. Freight Class: Freight class is a critical factor in LTL shipping that determines the rate and handling requirements for your shipment. It categorizes goods into different classes based on their density, stowability, handling, and liability. The National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA) has established a classification system with 18 classes, ranging from class 50 (the least expensive) to class 500 (the most expensive). The classification takes into account factors such as weight per cubic foot, value, fragility, and difficulty of handling.

To determine the freight class, you need to identify your shipment's characteristics accurately. This includes its weight, dimensions, density, ease of handling, and any special requirements. Each item or commodity within your shipment will be assigned a specific class, and the total shipment class is often determined by the class of the highest-rated item.

1. 1. Length: Measure the length of the shipment from the longest points. Include any protrusions or extensions (often referred to as overhang) to ensure accurate measurements.  For example, if you ship a pallet that is 40 x 48 inches but the material overhangs the pallet by 2 inches, the dimension is 40 x 50, not the pallet dimension.
   2. Width: Measure the widest part of the shipment, including any overhanging parts.
   3. Height: Measure the tallest point of the shipment, including any stacked items.

These dimensions must be provided accurately to carriers to avoid discrepancies and unexpected charges during the shipping process.

Density is the relationship between weight and volume. It determines how much space your shipment occupies within the truck. To calculate density, divide the weight of the shipment by its volume (length × width × height). Carriers use density to assess the cost-effectiveness of transporting your freight. Lower-density shipments may occupy more space and result in higher shipping costs.

When palletizing, ensure that the dimensions of the pallet do not exceed the dimensions of the shipment. Overhanging or unstable pallets can lead to damaged goods or additional charges. Additionally, stack items securely on the pallet and use appropriate strapping or stretch wrap to prevent shifting during transit.

Understanding key terms such as freight class, dimensions, weight, and packaging is essential for shippers when it comes to LTL freight shipping. By familiarizing themselves with these concepts, shippers can accurately communicate their shipment's characteristics to carriers, avoid unexpected charges, and ensure the safe and efficient transport of their goods. Working closely with reputable carriers and logistics partners can further streamline the LTL shipping process, ultimately benefiting businesses with reliable and cost-effective freight transportation.

Accessorials in LTL Shipping: Enhancing Service and Addressing Special Requirements

When shipping LTL (less than truckload) freight, accessorials play a vital role in addressing additional services, specialized requirements, or unique circumstances that go beyond the standard transportation service. These accessorials provide shippers with the flexibility to meet their specific needs while ensuring a smooth and efficient shipping process. In this article, we will discuss what accessorials are in LTL shipping and provide some examples to illustrate their significance.

What are Accessorials?

Accessorials, also known as accessorial charges or additional services, refer to supplementary services or requirements associated with LTL shipments. These services are beyond the standard pickup, transit, and delivery of freight. They often involve additional costs, as they require extra resources, time, or specialized equipment. Accessorials can vary depending on the carrier and the specific needs of the shipper. Shippers should be aware of these options and communicate their requirements to carriers effectively to ensure a seamless transportation experience.

Examples of Accessorials in LTL Shipping:

1. Inside Pickup or Delivery: If the shipper requires assistance with loading or unloading the freight inside a building or specific area, an inside pickup or delivery service may be necessary. This is particularly relevant for large or heavy items that require specialized equipment or additional manpower to move the freight safely.
2. Liftgate Service: When the pickup or delivery location lacks a loading dock or forklift, a liftgate service becomes essential. A liftgate is a hydraulic platform attached to the back of the truck, allowing the driver to lower or raise the freight to ground level. This service is crucial when shipping to residential areas or locations without proper loading equipment.
3. Notification or Appointment: If precise scheduling and coordination are necessary, shippers can request a notification or appointment service. This ensures that the consignee or receiver is informed in advance about the delivery time and can prepare to receive the shipment promptly. This option is especially valuable for time-sensitive or high-priority shipments.
4. Inside or Residential Pickup or Delivery: For locations that are not commercial or business addresses, such as residences or private properties, an inside or residential pickup or delivery service may be required. Carriers will arrange for the freight to be loaded or unloaded within the premises, ensuring convenience for both the shipper and the recipient.
5. Limited Access Pickup or Delivery: If the pickup or delivery location poses challenges due to limited accessibility, such as narrow streets, construction zones, or remote areas, carriers may charge for a limited access service. This covers the additional effort and resources required to transport the freight to or from such locations.
6. Hazardous Materials Handling: When shipping hazardous materials, shippers must comply with specific regulations and safety standards. Carriers can provide specialized handling, documentation, and transportation services for hazardous materials, ensuring the safe and compliant movement of these goods.
7. Inside or Outside Storage: In certain situations, the shipper or consignee may require temporary storage for the freight either inside or outside the carrier's facility. This service can accommodate delays in pickup or delivery or provide a staging area for consolidation or deconsolidation of shipments.
8. Trade Show Delivery: For shipments destined for trade shows or exhibitions, carriers may offer trade show delivery services. These services involve precise timing and coordination to ensure that the freight arrives at the designated trade show venue within the specified time window.

Accessorials in LTL shipping provide shippers with a range of additional services and options to accommodate unique requirements and circumstances. By understanding and leveraging these accessorials, shippers can enhance their shipping experience, address specific needs, and ensure the safe and efficient transport of their LTL freight. When engaging with carriers, it is crucial for shippers to communicate their accessorials requirements clearly, allowing carriers to provide accurate pricing and deliver tailored services that align with their specific needs.